In defending “epistocracy”, Brennan makes it clear that he is “working in non-ideal theory.” (p.712) What does this mean and how does this affect his argument?

1. In defending “epistocracy”, Brennan makes it clear that he is “working in non-ideal theory.” (p.712) What does this mean and how does this affect his argument? Explain his statement: “At some point, perhaps, it is better to produce just outcomes in an unjust way than to produce unjust outcomes in a just way.” (p.721) 2. According to Anderson’s understanding of democracy, “citizens work out together what goals they shall share.” (p.222) How is this statement related to what she says about instrumental and non-instrumental justifications of democracy? Explain how this is related to her claim that “People, not states of the world, are what has intrinsic value in politics.” (p.223) 3.Rawls says that “Public reason is characteristic of a democratic people.” (p.213) Explain the main idea of public reason and how this is related to the idea of democracy.