Analyze the impact that pleasant and unpleasant music had on how much participants liked the newinformation.

AssignmentPrepare an APA-formatted Results and Discussion section that are based on an imagined study of whether aclassical conditioning procedure can affect how much people like and believe new information. Although theclass did not collect data for this project, the paper should be written as if the research had actually beenperformed. Students are welcome to ask Dr. Derenne or the TA questions about the assignment. Students,however, are not allowed to collaborate with classmates on this assignment.Data Analysis ProcedureStep 1.Listen to the recording called “Paper 2 – Method” to become familiar with the goals of the imagined researchand how the data would have been collected.Step 2.Analyze the impact that pleasant and unpleasant music had on the believability of new information. Idemonstrate how to perform this analysis in the recording called “Paper 2 – Analysis 1”. Repeat this process.1) Record the mean and standard error for each condition (see below for an example).2) Record the degrees of freedom, F ratio, and p value for the ANOVA (see below for an example).Step 3.Analyze differences in the believability of the information independently of the music that accompanied them. Idemonstrate how to perform this analysis in the recording called “Paper 2 – Analysis 2”. Repeat this process.1) Record the mean and standard error for each condition (see below for an example).2) Record the degrees of freedom, F ratio, and p value for the ANOVA (see below for an example).3) Record the results of Tukey’s HSD test (see below for an example).Step 4.Analyze the impact that pleasant and unpleasant music had on how much participants liked the newinformation.Repeatthis process.1) Record the mean and standard error for each condition (see below for an example).2) Record the degrees of freedom, F ratio, and p value for the ANOVA (see below for an example).Data Interpretation ExamplesThese are the data from the second analysis. The means show how believable participants found each set ofinformation to be, independent of music effects. The first mean is for wish fulfillment theory, the second is forproblem solving theory, the third is for cognitive theory, and the fourth is interpreted brain activity theory.Means should be rounded to two decimal places. Researchers commonly report the standard error with themean. The standard error indicates how precisely the mean is being calculated.For wish fulfillment theory, the mean and standard error would be reported as follows: M = 2.98±.17. That is,the mean (rounded to two places) plus/minus the accompanying standard error (rounded to two places). Asexplained in the recordings, if a theory has a mean rating of 3, then participants found it to be equally believableand unbelievable. In the results section, one should not juts list the statistics, but also explain what the statisticsmean. Thus, one could write, “Participants found wish fulfillment theory to be almost equally believable andunbelievable (M= 2.98±.17). Note that the statistic is used to provide evidence for the statement, in much thesame way that citations are used to support claims elsewhere in a paper.The table above shows the outcome of the ANOVA for the second analysis. Red boxes have made aroundinformation that needs to be included in the result section. This includes the degrees of freedom, the F ratio,and the p value. Per APA formatting requirements, this information would be written as F (3, 141) = 33.32, p <0.0001. As mentioned above, researchers don’t just list statistics, they explain what the statistics mean. In thiscase, the analysis shows that participants did not find the four theories they learned about to be equallybelievable. Therefore, one could write something like, “Participants did not find the four theories to be equallybelievable, F (3, 141) = 33.32, p < 0.0001.” Once again, the statistic is built into the sentence as a way ofdemonstrating that the statement is true.Above is the result of Tukey’s HSD test, which was another part of the second analysis. These findings shouldalso be incorporated into the results section. Note that there are no special APA formatting rules to follow forthis post hoc test. Instead, students should say that Tukey’s HSD test was performed and then also explain whichcomparisons were significant. As explained in the recording, one of the comparisons is for the believabilityratings for wish fulfillment theory vs. problem solving theory. Tukey’s HSD test reveals that the difference in themean ratings for these two conditions was statistically significant. Thus one could say something like,“participants found problem solving theory to be significantly more believable than wish fulfillment theory”. (Asshown above, the mean rating for problem solving theory was 4.52, compared to only 2.98 for wish fulfillmenttheory). It is not necessary to list p values when describing these comparisons.Writing the Results SectionThe results section of a paper describes how the data were analyzed and what the data analyses reveal.Prepare a results section that:1) Explains how the data were analyzed, including what comparisons were made and what statistical testswere used.2) Includes the means and standard errors. These results are not just listed. Instead, the reader is also toldthe meaning of the results (for examples, see above).3) Includes the results of the statistical tests. Again, the statistical outcomes are not just listed. Instead, thereader is also told the meaning of the statistical test outcomes (for examples, see above).Finally, the results section should be written in a clear and straightforward manner.Writing the Discussion SectionThe discussion section of a paper describes the conclusions of a study, acknowledges limitations that affect theconfidence in those conclusions or the generality of those conclusions, and finally considers next steps forresearch to take.Prepare a discussion section that:1) Describes what conclusion you would make about the results of this study. The conclusion should relatethe findings to the question about how classical conditioning may affect the way new information isperceived.2) Describe what you think are limitations in the study that call into question the conclusions.3) Describe what you think are the next steps for research to take in this area.Finally, the results section should be written in a clear and straightforward manner.