What explains levels of modernisation in political communication?

Please find attached lecture powerpoint to help with focus and scope of essay and below reading material on east asian cases as this essay need to be focused on that only. GeneralBenjamin Moffitt and Simon Tormey, ‘Rethinking populism: Politics, mediatisation and political style’, Political Studies, 62/2 381-397. 2014 De Vrees, Claese, “Campaign Communication and the Media,” Comparing Democracies 3, 118-140. Lees-Marshment, Jennifer, “Global Political Marketing” in Global Political Marketing (London: Routledge, 2009) 1-15. (BLE) Norris, Pippa, “Campaign Communication,” in Comparing Democracies 2: New Challenges in the Study of Elections and Voting, Lawrence LeDuc, Richard Niemi and Pippa Norris Ed, (London: Sage, 2004), 127- 147. (EBOOK) Mancini, Paolo and David Swanson, “Politics, Media and Modern Democracy: Introduction,” in Politics, Media and Modern Democracy: An International Study of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and Their Consequences, David Swanson and Paolo Mancini Ed (London: Praeger, 1996), 1-28 and 247-276 (BLE) Stephen Ellis. 1989. “Tuning In to Pavement Radio.” African Affairs 88(352): 321–30. Herman Wasserman (2011) Mobile Phones, Popular Media, and Everyday African Democracy: Transmissions and Transgressions, Popular Communication, 9:2, 146-158, DOI: 10.1080/15405702.2011.562097 Wlezien, Christopher, “Election Campaigns,” in Comparing Democracies 3, 98-117. Asian Comparative Readings Sullivan, Jonathan and S Cheon 2011. Reconnecting representativeness in two East Asian Democracies, East Asia 28 (1). (O) Tak, Jinyoung “Political Advertising in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan,” in Sage Handbook of Political Advertising, 285-305. (BLE) Willnat, Lars and Annette Aw, “Political Advertising in Emerging Democracies: The Philippines, Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia,” in Sage Handbook of Political Advertising 399-416. (EBOOK) Willnat, Lars & Annette Aw, “Introduction: The big unknown: Political Communication in Asia,” in Political Communication in Asia (London: Routledge, 2009).1-8. (EBOOK) Asian cases Chang, Ching-ching, “Political Communication in Taiwan,” in Political Communication in Asia, 72-92. (EBOOK) Esherick Joseph and Jeffrey Wasserstrom, “Acting out Democracy: Political Theatre in Modern China,” in Popular Protest and Political Culture in Modern China, 28-66. (BLE) Karan, Kavita “Political Communication in India” in Political Communication in Asia (London: Routledge, 2009). (EBOOK) Fell, Dafydd and Isabelle Cheng, Testing the market oriented model of political parties in a non-western context: The case of Taiwan, Global Political Marketing, 175-188. Kim, Sung Tae and Hyok Nam Kwon, “Political Communication in South Korea: Looking back for the Future,” in Political Communication in Asia, 176-190. (EBOOK) Masahiko Asano & Bryce Wakefield, “Political Marketing in Japan,” in Global Political Marketing, 234-248. (BLE) Sullivan, Jonathan (2009). “Campaign Advertising in Taiwanese Presidential Elections.” Journal of Contemporary China 18: 61, pp.675-688. (O) Toshio Takeshita and Masamichi Ida, “Political Communication in Japan,” in Political Communication in Asia, 154-175. (EBOOK) Williams, Joshua and Douglas Miller, Netizens Decide: A look at party campaigning online,’ in Pekkanen, Reed and Scheiner eds, Japan Decides 2014: 168-174.