What role does “colorblindness” play in this endeavor?

Instructions:Please answer NINE out of these eleven questions after reading “The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in The Age of Colorblindness” by Michelle Alexander. Please number your answers. Think of each answer as a short essay. I REQUIRE A SET OF NUMBERED SHORT ESSAYS THAT SPECIFICALLY ANSWER NINE OF THE QUESTIONS BELOW. You will receive full credit if all portions of the question are answered and if the question is answered substantively (i.e. referring to the book, making a good argument etc.).In your paper, please number your answers and indicate clearly which question you’re answering.Michelle Alexander in “The New Jim Crow” writes: “The drug war from the outset had little to do with public concern about drugs and much to do with public concern about race” (Alexander 2012, 49). Please explain this statement. How was Reagan’s War on Drugs an end-result of the “Southern Strategy” and an effort to maintain the “new Republican majority”? (Please refer specifically to Ch. 1 in The New Jim Crow.)Around the same time as President Ronald Reagan announced his “War on Drugs” (mandatory prison sentences for any drug crime etc.), crack-cocaine was emerging on the streets of inner-city neighborhoods. What were the socio-economic conditions of these neighborhoods in the early 1980s? What was the impact of globalization and deindustrialization on black inner-city communities? Please answer with references to pp. 50-51.Could our nation have responded differently to the rising problem of drug use and abuse in the 1980s? What have other countries done? In the U.S., was the increase in criminalization of drug use accompanied by a reduction in funding for agencies responsible for drug treatment, prevention, and education (pp. 51-52)? How about funding for welfare, food stamps, and public education (p. 57)? Please discuss THREE societal consequences of these decisions.What was the role of the mass media in providing justification for the drug war (p. 52), as well as perpetuating the hegemony of mass incarceration (p. 59)?The U.S. has the largest percentage of its population in prison when compared to all other nations in the world. We have 2.3 million Americans currently in prison and 5.1 million people under “community correctional supervision” (p. 94). Our prison population went from 300,000 people to over 2 million people between 1980 and 2000. Please provide evidence from the book that the War on Drugs is responsible for this rise. Refer especially to p. 60 in “The New Jim Crow.”Please provide evidence from the book that African Americans are disproportionately represented in American prisons. Please discuss how African Americans are deliberately targeted at every stage of the war on drugs (from random searches to sentencing etc.) to bring about this phenomenon. Please refer to Ch. 3 to discuss at least THREE ways in which our criminal justice system ensures those who are rounded up and sent to prison are people of color. What role does “colorblindness” play in this endeavor?Are racialized discrimination or racial profiling effective strategies? Do police departments have good reason to racially profile people of color? Please provide evidence from The New Jim Crow.Please refer to Ch. 4 to discuss at least THREE “collateral consequences” (p. 143) of being labeled a convict. What does life after a prison sentence look like for ex-offenders? What sort of social services or other opportunities are they barred from? How does this create a “caste system”? Can this explain the “recidivism rate” (rate of repeat offenders) in the U.S.?Please provide evidence from the book and from our course materials of African Americans’ current social conditions (poverty rates, unemployment rates etc.). How can that be explained by the “New Jim Crow”? How is the system of mass incarceration a form of “institutionalized racism”? (View pp. 104-108 in “Social Problems: Continuity and Change” for the definition of this concept.)Referring to Ch. 5, especially pp. 190-217, please compare and contrast the “New Jim Crow” period with the old “Jim Crow” period. What are THREE similarities? What are THREE differences?Alexander argues that poor whites have repeatedly been offered “racial bribes.” That is, special, largely superficial privileges have been extended to poor whites in an effort to drive a wedge between them and poor blacks. Do you see similar “divide and conquer” dynamics at work today, especially during the Trump presidency? Is the “get tough” movement aimed at those labeled “illegal immigrants” an example of racial bribes in action – i.e. promising to crack down on a racial or ethnic minority and deny them basic civil and human rights, while failing to improve the status of poor whites by much? What are the implications of these recurring tactics for the future of social justice organizing and advocacy? Can you see any alliances being formed around social class?Each question is worth 10 points. Spelling, grammar, and citations are also worth 10 points.POINTERS ON WRITING THE PAPERI am providing a minimum and a maximum word limit because editing one’s work is an important skill to be learned in college. I do not believe that you can adequately answer all questions above in less than 1,500 words. But you must also try to edit yourself and only provide the most important, most relevant information and stay within 2,000 words.Grammar and spelling will also be taken into consideration. Please consider utilizing the Tutorial Center or the English Department’s Writing Center for help with writing. These are excellent, free, on campus resources to help with your writing. The direct link for SRJC Tutoring is available on our Canvas page.Please remember that plagiarism is a serious academic offense and will lead to disciplinary punishment. Please review the Student Conduct Code for more information. Plagiarism is defined as: “Any act of submitting the work of another, in whole or in part, as one’s own without properly referencing the source. This includes use of direct quotations, paraphrases, ideas and facts which are not common knowledge, whether the sources are published or unpublished.PLEASE CITE YOUR SOURCES!Please cite your sources if you quote or paraphrase our course reading materials or any other sources. In sociology, we typically use the author/date system. That is, when you are referring to someone else’s work, you cite the source by providing the author’s last name and the publication date in parentheses. If you are not using a direct quotation from the text, you need to paraphrase, that is, state the author’s argument in different words: