Discuss work environment, level of accountability, patient population, salary, and scope of practice for each of the APN roles.

Discussed your scope of practice in your current state as a nurse practitioner.1.Now, explore the four APN roles in your state (CNP, CNS, CRNA & CNM).•CNP – Certified Nurse Practitioner•CNS – Clinical Nurse Specialist•CRNA – Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist•CNM – Nurse Midwife2.Discuss work environment, level of accountability, patient population, salary, and scope of practice for each of the APN roles.a.I live in USA, Californiab.Plan on working in an Dr Office. 3.Provide your personal Pro and Con list for each role and provide appropriate citations. 4.Describe your rationale for choosing the CNP advanced practice role versus any of the other three.a.Answer, expand on it: Job flexibility, responsibility, higher level of patient care, less stressful.5.What are your plans for clinical practice after graduation? a.Answer, expand on it: to work in an office setting and teach.6.Has your idea of NP practice changed after researching this for your state? a.Answer – No, expand on it.Advanced practice registered nurses are licensed independent practitioners who are expectedto practice within standards established or recognized by a licensing body. Each APRN isaccountable to patients, the nursing profession, and the licensing board to comply with therequirements of the state nurse practice act and the quality of advanced nursing carerendered; for recognizing limits of knowledge and experience, planning for the managementof situations beyond the APRN’s expertise; and for consulting with or referring patients toother health care providers as appropriate.All APRNs are educationally prepared to provide a scope of services across the healthwellness-illness continuum to at least one population focus as defined by nationallyrecognized role and population-focused competencies; however, the emphasis andimplementation within each APRN role varies. The services or care provided by APRNs isnot defined or limited by setting but rather by patient care needs. The continuumencompasses the range of health states from homeostasis (or wellness) to a disruption in thestate of health in which basic needs are not met or maintained (illness), with health problemsof varying acuity occurring along the continuum that must be prevented or resolved tomaintain wellness or an optimal level of functioning (WHO, 2006). Although all APRNs areeducationally prepared to provide care to patients across the health wellness-illnesscontinuum, the emphasis and how implemented within each APRN role varies.The Certified Registered Nurse AnesthetistThe Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist is prepared to provide the full spectrum ofpatients’ anesthesia care and anesthesia-related care for individuals across the lifespan,whose health status may range from healthy through all recognized levels of acuity, includingpersons with immediate, severe, or life-threatening illnesses or injury. This care is providedin diverse settings, including hospital surgical suites and obstetrical delivery rooms; criticalaccess hospitals; acute care; pain management centers; ambulatory surgical centers; and theoffices of dentists, podiatrists, ophthalmologists, and plastic surgeons.The Certified Nurse-MidwifeThe certified nurse-midwife provides a full range of primary health care services to womenthroughout the lifespan, including gynecologic care, family planning services, preconceptioncare, prenatal and postpartum care, childbirth, and care of the newborn. The practice includestreating the male partner of their female clients for sexually transmitted disease andreproductive health. This care is provided in diverse settings, which may include home,hospital, birth center, and a variety of ambulatory care settings including private offices andcommunity and public health clinics.The Clinical Nurse SpecialistThe CNS has a unique APRN role to integrate care across the continuum and through threespheres of influence: patient, nurse, system. The three spheres are overlapping andinterrelated but each sphere possesses a distinctive focus. In each of the spheres of influence,the primary goal of the CNS is continuous improvement of patient outcomes and nursingcare. Key elements of CNS practice are to create environments through mentoring and APRN Joint Dialogue Group Report, July 7, 20089system changes that empower nurses to develop caring, evidence-based practices to alleviatepatient distress, facilitate ethical decision-making, and respond to diversity. The CNS isresponsible and accountable for diagnosis and treatment of health/illness states, diseasemanagement, health promotion, and prevention of illness and risk behaviors amongindividuals, families, groups, and communities.The Certified Nurse PractitionerFor the certified nurse practitioner (CNP), care along the wellness-illness continuum is adynamic process in which direct primary and acute care is provided across settings. CNPs aremembers of the health delivery system, practicing autonomously in areas as diverse as familypractice, pediatrics, internal medicine, geriatrics, and women’s health care. CNPs areprepared to diagnose and treat patients with undifferentiated symptoms as well as those withestablished diagnoses. Both primary and acute care CNPs provide initial, ongoing, andcomprehensive care, includes taking comprehensive histories, providing physicalexaminations and other health assessment and screening activities, and diagnosing, treating,and managing patients with acute and chronic illnesses and diseases. This includes ordering,performing, supervising, and interpreting laboratory and imaging studies; prescribingmedication and durable medical equipment; and making appropriate referrals for patients andfamilies. Clinical CNP care includes health promotion, disease prevention, health education,and counseling as well as the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic diseases.Certified nurse practitioners are prepared to practice as primary care CNPs and acute careCNPs, which have separate national consensus-based competencies and separate certificationprocesses.Introduction to the Role of Advanced Practice Nursing