Discuss how the Material Monists (Milesians), Pythagoreans, and Heraclitus differ in their solution to the problem.

500 words
What is the “Milesian problem” (also called “The Problem of the One and the Many”)?  Discuss how the Material Monists (Milesians), Pythagoreans, and Heraclitus differ in their solution to the problem.  Who offers the best solution and why?  Support your position utilizing specific examples from the primary texts (when possible).

500 words
Explain how Anaxagoras, Empedocles, and Democritus differ in their responses to Parmenides.  What elements of Parmenides’ argument do they accept and where do they break away?   Do their solutions undermine ontological integrity?  Support your position utilizing specific examples from the primary texts (when possible).

For both essays, references should be made to primary source- Presocratic Reader: Selected Fragments and Testimonials and/or secondary source- Retrieving the Ancients by David Roochnik