Based on this data, provide BOTH the expected and observed frequencies for the following: Female “early risers” Female “night owls” Male “early risers” Male “night owls”.
Assignment Question
For questions 1–4 refer to the following paragraph. A research team at UD is interested in the phenomenon of “night owls,” or people that tend to stay up very late into the evening. Through their research, they have come to the conclusion that females are more likely to be night owls than males. Following that, males are more likely to be “early risers,” or people that tend to wake up early in the morning. Hence, the researchers proposed the following hypothesis: Sleep preference will differ based on biological sex. The research team decides to collect data on sleep patterns of UD students. To collect data, they distribute surveys to each dorm on campus, and ask participants to indicate their biological sex and their preferred sleep time (whether they are early risers or night owls). In total, the researchers collect data from 131 participants. Their dataset contains the following information: 25 Females identified as “early risers” 42 Females identified as “night owls” 53 Males identified as “early risers” 11 Males identified as “night owls” (20 points) Based on this data, provide BOTH the expected and observed frequencies for the following: Female “early risers” Female “night owls” Male “early risers” Male “night owls” If you would like to be considered for partial credit, show some of your work… For questions 5–7 please refer to the dataset “protest.csv” A research team at UD is interested in how emotions play a role in protests. More specifically, they are interested in whether a certain type of protest leads to people being more angry or likely to sign a petition. To collect data, the researchers brought participants to their lab and randomly assigned them to one of three conditions: (1) A five-minute video of an individual protest (i.e., one speaker) talking about women’s reproductive rights; (2) A five-minute video of a collective protest (i.e., multiple people protesting in unison) about women’s reproductive rights; or (3) A five-minute video of a nature documentary. Once the video was completed, participants filled out a questionnaire obtaining the following information: In their questionnaire, the researchers asked about: A person’s general attitudes toward sexism (AttSexism) Measured by Likert-type items (1–7) A person’s level of anger (Anger) Measured on a scale from 1 “Not angry at all” to 7 “Very angry” A person’s assessment of the credibility of the speaker (CredSpeaker) Measured by Likert-type items (1–7) A person’s willingness to sign the petition (SignPetition) Measured by Likert-type items (1–7) (8 points) Provide the descriptive statistics for these four variables: The researchers proposed the following research questions / hypotheses: (20 points) RQ1: Will the type of protest viewed lead to significant differences in participant anger? (12 points) H1: A person’s attitudes toward sexism will positively predict their willingness to sign the petition. Based on this information, please provide comprehensive answers to the research questions / hypotheses. This should include: Test output (via screenshot) and short write up for each research question / hypothesis with all relevant information. For questions 8–11 refer to the dataset “AcademicEngagement.csv” A research team at UD is interested in the relationship between student habits and their performance in the classroom. To gather data, this team distributed a questionnaire to students in COMM 100, asking them to provide the following data: A person’s total hours studied throughout the semester Measured by a fill-in-the-blank question asking “How many hours did you study for this class, in total?” A person’s attendance Measured by a 7–point Likert-type item that asked participants their agreement with the statement: “I frequently attend in-class lectures.” A person’s standardized test score Measured by a fill-in-the-blank question asking “Please indicate your standardized entrance exam (e.g., ACT, SAT) score” Final Exam Score Measured by linking student ID to their final exam score (out of 100 points) Provide descriptive statistics for these four variables (8 points) The researchers proposed the following hypotheses: (12 points) H1: A person’s standardized test score will be positively related to their exam score. (12 points) H2: A person’s attendance will positively predict their exam score. (12 points) H3: A person’s number of hours studied will positively predict their exam score. Based on this information, provide comprehensive answers to the research questions / hypotheses. This should include: Test output (via screenshot) and short write up for each research question / hypothesis with all relevant information.
