Describe Neural Communication.

TOPIC: “Engineering Artificial Somatosensation Through Cortical Stimulation in Humans”OR“A new therapeutic application of brain-machine interface (BMI) training followed by hybrid assistive neuromuscular dynamic stimulation (HANDS) therapy for patients with severe hemiparetic stroke: A proof of concept study”Any and all behaviors originate in the nervous system. If you are reacting to a mosquito biting your arm, sensory receptors in your skin detect the insect in a specific place on your arm. They send that information to the brain using a combination of electrical and chemical signals. Your brain receives that information and reacts to it, generating a motor response. This plan is transmitted back to the muscles of the arm, again using a combination of electrical and chemical signals. Likewise, any other behavior—from a memory of your childhood to the emotional reaction to a movie to the decisions about what to have for dinner tonight—is controlled by electrical and chemical messages exchanged by neurons in your nervous system.Damage to the nervous system will affect its behavior. If a person has a stroke in the motor cortex, there will be impairments in his or her ability to move part of their body. In some cases of a traumatic brain injury, a person’s brain collides with the inside of the skull. This may tear neurons and cause swelling, which will change how the brain functions in both the short term and the long term. An injury to the spinal cord can result in paralysis. While the brain is exceptionally complicated, researchers are starting to identify ways to minimize or reverse such damage to the nervous system, such as the use of brain-machine interfaces.In this Assignment, you will consider both the normal electrical and chemical signaling that occurs in the brain and damage that can affect the nervous system. In the first half of your Assignment, you will describe in detail how the neurons of the brain use electrical and chemical signals to collect and transmit information. Then, in the second half, you will be assigned a topic based on the first letter of your last name. You will find a recent research article (published within the past 3 years) that addresses the neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, recovery of function following injury, or a new treatment for your assigned topic. You will summarize your article describing what the researchers did and relating their work back to what you have learned about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system from the course textbook.To prepare for this Assignment:Review Chapter 2 of the textbook, focusing on how information is transmitted through the nervous system.Review Chapter 3 of the textbook focusing on where different functions are localized in the brain.Choose one of the articles out of the two listed below for each category (the category assignment is based on your last name; you only need to read and report on ONE article in total) and then download the full PDF from the Walden Library (the articles have been pre-selected for you and cover topics such as neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, recovery of function, or novel treatments associated with one of the following conditions). You may choose your own article; however, it must be approved by your instructor by Thursday before the assignment is due.Resources:Course Text: Garrett, B., & Hough, G. (2018). Brain and behavior: An introduction to behavioral neuroscience (5th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.Chapter 2, “Communication Within the Nervous System”Chapter 3, “The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System”Chapter 4, “The Methods and Ethics of Research”BioPsychology NewsLink. (n.d.). Home page. Retrieved from http://www.biopsychology.com/news/Note: This site contains links to online paper and magazine articles related to biological psychology.Elsevier. (n.d.). What is peer review? Retrieved from https://www.elsevier.com/reviewers/what-is-peer-reviewFurman, B. L. (2015). The peer-review process for journals in the biomedical sciences; love it or loathe it, it won’t go away! International E-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 9(3), 1–3.Unreliable research: Trouble at the lab. (2013, October 19). The Economist, 409(8858), 27.An article from the Walden Library that addresses a topic of your choice. The article must be a research report, meaning that it was published in a scientific journal and includes Methods, Results, and Discussion.Document: “How to Search PubMed” (Word document) Optional ResourcesOptional MediaMany appropriate media pieces to further your understanding are available through the textbook publisher website:SAGE edge. Brain & behavior: An introduction to biological psychology by Bob Garrett. Retrieved from https://edge.sagepub.com/garrett4eOpen Colleges. (n.d.). Your brain map: Strategies for accelerated learning. Retrieved from http://www.opencolleges.edu.au/informed/learning-strategies/