Health-care organizations utilize an increasing number of types of health-care personnel, each with their own set of credentialing, licensure, and certification requirements.

• Health-care organizations utilize an increasing number of types of health-care personnel, each with their own set of credentialing, licensure, and certification requirements. Nurses are the largest category, but advanced practice levels are developing for many categories of providers. Shortages are growing. Human resource management is critical and involves administrative and strategic elements. Environmental forces are impacting human resource management. Choose two environmental forces, and describe and provide suggestions on how they might best be addressed through human resource management initiatives/actions (Chapter 12, Table 12-1, p. 324).