In the case of raising children or dealing with employees or coworkers, explain how it be preferable to be just but ALSO caring? Give at least one example.

Discussion 8Discussion: Virtue Ethics, Part II: 10 pointsAnswer one questions from part I and one question for part II and reply to the post of another student. Label the numbers of the questions in your answers. To access the forum, click on the underlined words above. You must reply to another student for the work not to be considered late. Write in standard English: use complete sentences free of spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors, and use a writing style that is conducive to clear communication. What are the two theories Anscombe rejects? Do you think one or both of those theories are better than virtue ethics? Why or why not?Anscombe maintains that those two theories need a lawgiver, and since people have generally rejected a divine lawgiver, the theories don’t provide enough of a sense of obligation. Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not?Anscombe maintains that certain kinds of knowledge are important for work in virtue ethics. What sort of knowledge is that? In your opinion, how is that knowledge connected to learning about what it means to flourish or be happy as human beings?Extra credit: Some people maintain that virtue ethics needs a teleological view of the world, one in which nature is seen to operate with purposes, and so human beings, too, function in way toward some end. When they fulfill their natural functions, they reach their potential and are happy; that is, they “flourish” as human beings. Do you think virtue ethics can operate without such a teleological view of the world? Explain. (5 points)Part IIDescribe Kohlberg’s stages of moral development.Kohlberg maintained that females tended to reach only the third stage but males went higher up. How does the ethics of care explain this result?Explain the difference between the ethics of justice and the ethics of care. Baier says “the best moral theory has to be a cooperative product of women and men, has to harmonize justice and care” (52); what do you think she means by that?Take the scenario of a woman, a guard in a prison, who had fallen in love with a man who was imprisoned. He has committed a serious crime but she thinks he has changed. She decides to help him escape. What is the justice perspective on this? What is the care perspective? How might it be disadvantageous to rely only on the ethics of care while ignoring justice?. According to Baier, in the most advanced moral outlook, true justice goes hand in hand with caring and true caring goes hand in hand with justice.In the case of raising children or dealing with employees or coworkers, explain how it be preferable to be just but ALSO caring? Give at least one example. Extra credit: (5 points) Choose One of the following options: 1) Think about what it means to be truly just. Come up with a support for the idea that true justice already involves caring–that one cannot behave justly toward another human being without at the same time being caring, ie., being loving in the sense of willing the good or happiness of another (Aristotle’s definition of love/caring). Provide an example to illustrate your point. 2) Think about how some people think about “justice” today. Explain how their view of justice doesn’t adequately incorporate the notion of caring for others. (Provide an example to illustrate your point.)Discussion 9Discussion: Natural law ethics: 10 pointsAnswer #8 and one other question. Label the numbers of the questions in your answers. To access the forum, click on the underlined words above. You must reply to another student for the work not to be considered late. Write in standard English: use complete sentences free of spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors, and use a writing style that is conducive to clear communication. 1) After saying people seek to do good and avoid evil, Aquinas in his natural law theory gives four other precepts or principles regarding human behavior. What are they? What does contemporary natural law theorist John Finnis say are the seven basic goods that can’t be violated? Explain how the attack on Malala Yousafzai was an attack on her life as well as an attack on the principle regarding knowledge. 2) According to natural law theory (in the tradition of Aristotle/Aquinas), an unjust law is not a real law. Natural law theories would advocate obeying all laws except those that are contrary to natural law, a code of morality that runs deeper than the law on the books (also called positive law). Let’s look at a historical example. In Nazi Germany there were laws passed that allowed for discrimination against Jews. As you well know, concentration camps were created to kill Jewish people. Imagine a soldier or citizen of Nazi Germany that asked to do something discriminatory against Jews, and/or even kill them in a concentration camp. If the soldier simply thought it was his duty to obey the law, then he would carry out the order. A natural law theorist would say it was the soldiers duty not to obey the law, because killing the innocent is a violation of the basic good of life; killing the innocent goes against natural law. Therefore, if one is told to kill the innocent according to civil or positive law, one must disobey; according to natural law theory, an unjust law is not a law and therefore should not be obeyed. Aquinas on the whole says we must obey authorities and just laws. We can’t just pick and choose laws to obey and disobey because that is not fostering the common good; it would cause chaos. But serious violations of natural law must be disobeyed.Read Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham jail and the follow up article. Explain how he used natural law to justify civil disobedience (disobeying certain laws). Quote directly (using quotation marks) the passage in which he mentions Augustine and Aquinas in the Letter..3. Read Janet Smith’s article in this unit folder. What does she as a natural law theorist say about why sex outside marriage and even contraception are wrong? Explain her reasoning. How would the natural law position contrast with that of a utilitarian with regard to sexual morality? Explain the difference in positions.4. Do you think a natural law theorist (in the tradition of Aristotle/Aquinas) would say we have a right to commit suicide? What about a utilitarian? Explain the positions. 5. Read the pdf file on natural law by C.E. Harris. Explain why the natural law position would not allow abortion in the case of rape and incest but would allow a cancerous uterus to be removed if the cancer would kill the mother–even if the uterus contained a fetus. Incorporate a discussion of the components of the principle of double effect in your answer.6. Explain how natural law is used to justify self-defense using the principle of forfeiture. 7. Do you think it is possible for people to come up with a version of natural law that all people could agree on? Why or why not?8. MANDATORY QUESTION: Apply principle of double affect to end-of-life care decisions. Explain how the principle of double effect would apply to 1) issues of euthanasia and 2) to pain-medication at the end of life.9. Discuss weaknesses and strengths of natural law theory.Discussion 10Discussion: Social Contract Theory: 10 pointsAnswer two of the following questions and reply to the post of another student. Label the numbers of the questions in your answers. To access the forum, click on the underlined words above. You must reply to another student for the work not to be considered late. Write in standard English: use complete sentences free of spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors, and use a writing style that is conducive to clear communication. 1. Compare and contrast 1) the state of nature and 2) the social contract according the Hobbes and Locke.2. What is Rawl’s original position and the veil of ignorance? How does it relate to the creation of just laws?3. Explain how Rawls’ theory can be considered an advance or improvement over utilitarianism for the rights of the minority.4. Implementation of the Democratic platform’s position on the Hyde Amendment into law would have resulted in the taxes of every American going to help pay for the abortions of women who couldn’t afford to pay for them. How can it be argued that Rawls’ social contract theory would support the idea of repealing the Hyde Amendment?5. How would a natural law theorist argue, putting herself under the “veil of ignorance” in the shoes of an impoverished pregnant woman, that it would not be preferable to have laws enacted that would make abortion easier to carry out?Discussion 11Discussion: Existentialist ethics: 10 pointsAnswer two of the following questions and reply to the post of another student. Label the numbers of the questions in your answers. To access the forum, click on the underlined words above. You must reply to another student for the work not to be considered late. Write in standard English: use complete sentences free of spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors, and use a writing style that is conducive to clear communication. Nietzsche thought there was no God and that we should be the creator of our own values–to basically decide for ourselves what right and wrong are. He also thought there was no objective truth; everyone has his/her own “perspective” on what reality is. Describe his idea of the Overman or Ubermensch as well as the difference between the morality of the Ubermensch and herd moralities. To what extent do you think contemporary society reflects Nietzsche’s ideas?How does a Nietzschean existentialist go about deciding what to do? What are the strengths and weaknesses of a Nietzschean ethic?Sartre thought there was no God and as a consequence we had no “nature” as such. We have to choose who we will become. We are the creators of our own being and have the heavy burden of our choices. Describe how his emphasis on freedom is important for an existentialist ethics. To what extent do you think contemporary society reflects Sartre’s ideas?How does a Sartrean existentialist go about deciding what to do? What are the strengths and weaknesses of a Sartrean ethic? Discussion 12Discussion: Noncognitivism: 10 pointsAnswer two of the following questions and reply to the post of another student. Label the numbers of the questions in your answers. To access the forum, click on the underlined words above. You must reply to another student for the work not to be considered late. Write in standard English: use complete sentences free of spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors, and use a writing style that is conducive to clear communication. 1. What is the difference between cognitivism and noncognitivism?2. Describe Hume’s emotivist version of noncognitivism in detail (see Films on Demand video)3. What is moral realism?4. How does a moral realist disagree with an emotivist (noncognitivist)? 5. Do you think our morality comes from feeling or reasoning or a combination? Explain. 6. What is the main weakness of using an emotivist approach to ethical decision-making?Discussion 13Discussion: Rights: 10 pointsAnswer two of the following questions and reply to the post of another student. Label the numbers of the questions in your answers. To access the forum, click on the underlined words above. You must reply to another student for the work not to be considered late. Write in standard English: use complete sentences free of spelling, punctuation and grammatical errors, and use a writing style that is conducive to clear communication. 1. What are negative and positive rights?2. What is the difference between legal and human (moral) rights? Why are moral/human rights considered by many to be more fundamental then legal rights? Something to think about: What can happen when people think the legal rights are the most important?3. Explain how Malala Yousafzai’s struggle for education for girls can be seen as utilizing the interests theory of rights, in particular John Finnis’ idea of protecting the basic good of acquisition of knowledge. Explain how Malala’s struggle could also be seen as utilizing the will theory of rights, in which freedom is the core value. 4. Explain how Brittnay Maynard’s appeal for the right to die utilizes the will theory of rights, with emphasis on freedom. Explain how her choice runs contrary to the interests theory of John Finnis, in which life as a basic good is to be protected.5. Explain whether you prefer interest theory of rights or will theory of rights and provide reasons.6. Extra credit: (5 points) Explain how rights don’t arise out of a thin air, out of a vacuum, but rather, are connected to the philosophical position one maintains. (5 points)For my Discussion questions can you label which questions you worked on to I can let my teacher know which questions have been answered. Thank you