Given Jeff’s history of type 1 diabetes, which of the following conditions is he most likely experiencing?

Question 1 1.Jeff is a 57-year-old male with a long history of type 1 diabetes. He takes insulin to manage his diabetes, but has been having trouble maintaining steady blood glucose levels over the last two weeks. Jeff suffered a week-long case of influenza last month, but is otherwise healthy. This morning, he began vomiting upon waking. This was followed by extreme abdominal pain and extreme thirst. He called his endocrinologist, who told him that he needs to seek emergency care. Given Jeff’s history of type 1 diabetes, which of the following conditions is he most likely experiencing? Diabetic ketoacidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis Diabetic alkalosis Question 2 1.Diabetic ketoacidosis is a type of respiratory acidosis. True False Question 3 1.If Jeff has diabetic ketoacidosis, which of the following symptoms may he also be experiencing?Infrequent urinationDeep, rapid breathingIncreased energyIncreased salivationQuestion 4 1.To diagnosis his condition, a blood osmolality test is ordered. An abnormally high result could point to all of the following conditions EXCEPT: Diabetic ketoacidosis Stroke or head trauma Dehydration Oversecretion of ADH Question 5 1.If Jeff has an acidic condition related to his diabetes, which of the following signs are likely to be present? Tachycardia and hypotension Bradycardia and hypotension Bradycardia and hypertension Tachycardia and hypertension Question 6 1.Briefly explain why Jeff has a feeling of extreme thirst. Question 7 1.Metabolic acidosis results is low blood pH levels and high bicarbonate ion concentration. True False Question 8 1.If Jeff’s condition goes untreated, his body may begin to hyperventilate to compensate for the change in his blood pH levels. True False Question 9 1.Treatment for Jeff’s acidic condition may include all of the following EXCEPT: Fluid replacement Insulin Dietary water restriction Sodium bicarbonate solution Question 10 1.Kidney failure, cardiac arrest, and cerebral edema are all possible complications if Jeff’s condition is not treated. True False Question 11 1.Hiro is a 46-year-old male who has recently acquired severe food poisoning, which caused 72 hours of frequent vomiting and diarrhea. The third day after his symptoms began, Hiro experienced heart palpitations and confusion. He had trouble answering simple questions and felt disoriented. His care team was concerned about these new symptoms and decided to perform a urinalysis and several blood tests to determine the cause. These are Hiro’s results: Blood Calcium Level: 4.6 mEq/L Blood Sodium Level: 140 mEq/L Blood Potassium Level: 2.9 mEq/L Urine Specific Gravity: 1.020 Which of the following conditions is Hiro experiencing? Hyperkalemia Hyponatremia Hypercalcemia Hypokalemia Question 12 1.Briefly explain why Hiro’s food poisoning led to an electrolyte imbalance. Question 13 1.In addition to what Hiro has already experienced, which of the following symptoms may be related to Hiro’s condition? (Select all that apply.) Tetany Muscle weakness Increased thirst Increased bone density Constipation Question 14 1.In Hiro’s case, how is stomach acid related to the loss of potassium? Question 15 1.How is Hiro’s specific gravity level related to his level of hydration? Question 16 1.Hiro’s electrolyte imbalance is caused by vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following could also cause his condition? (Select all that apply.) Excessive laxative use Diuretics Excess aldosterone secretion Diabetic ketoacidosis Folic acid supplements Question 17 1.Explain how Hiro’s kidneys will help return his potassium levels to normal. Question 18 1.Most of the body’s potassium is found in the: Intracellular fluid Extracellular fluid Plasma Interstitial fluid Question 19 1.Why do potassium levels have such a strong effect on muscle function? Potassium is needed to repolarize the cell membrane between action potentials. Potassium is an important building block for acetylcholine. Potassium is a neurotransmitter that is used for muscle contraction. Potassium is found within the T-tubules of each muscle cells. Question 20 1.Which of the following treatments would be most appropriate for Hiro? Intravenous potassium supplementation Calcium supplements Avoiding avocados, citrus fruits, and leafy greens into the diet Diuretics