What are some of B.A.’s risk factors for acute pancreatitis?

1. B.A. is an obese male, age 60, who presents at the emergency department with bruising around the umbilical area and along his flanks. He states he did not injure himself, so he is not sure why the bruises appeared. B.A. reports that he “does not feel well at all.” He complains of pain in the abdominal area that radiates to his back. B.A. rates the pain as an 8 out of 10. B.A.’s abdomen is swollen, and he reports feeling nauseated. B.A. has not kept himself in optimal health. In addition to struggling with his weight, B.A. has had his gallbladder removed due to gallstones. He suffers from alcoholism. Blood laboratory values reveal elevated white blood cell count, elevated serum amylase, elevated serum lipase, and elevated blood glucose.A.What are some of B.A.’s risk factors for acute pancreatitis?B. Why are the Cullen and Grey Turner signs important?C. Why are serum amylase and lipase elevated?2. M.F., age 62, is brought to the emergency department by her son. While visiting her, he became alarmed when he noticed his mother seemed to have problems speaking and forming words. The right side of her face also appears to be “drooping.” M.F. suffers from a history of atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure, and diabetes. She is taking anti-hypertensive medications. She used to smoke but she quit 4 years ago. Cardiovascular disease runs in her family. Her father died of a heart attack at the age of 52. A CT scan rules out a brain hemorrhage.A. What type of stroke is M.F. experiencing?B. What area of M.F.’s brain appears to be affected?C. What are some of M.F.’s risk factors for cerebrovascular disease?D. What role may atrial fibrillation play in M.F.’s case?E. Why is the CT scan information important?F. What treatments are available for M.F.?3. B.G., age 18, is skiing routes beyond his level. B.G. is attempting to complete these routes in order to keep pace with his friend, Tony, who is an expert skier. During the last run of the day, B.G. suffers several traumatic injuries when he crashes into a tree. Following his impact with the tree, B.G. continues to slide down the rough, mountainous terrain and falls off a slight ledge of rocks.B.G. suffers a type I femoral shaft fracture and a Smith fracture in his wrist. As he hit the ground, his shoulder became dislocated and his clavicle was broken. Review of B.G.’s injuries revealed that he is not likely to experience malunion of his femoral or clavicle fracture. Concerns exist that B.G. may have also injured his rotator cuff when his shoulder struck the ground.A. What is a type 1 femoral shaft fracture?B. What is a Smith fracture of the radius?C. What joint is affected in a shoulder joint dislocation?