What is ethics in research & why is it important?

Learning ResourcesNote: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.Required ReadingsAronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Sommers, S. R. (2019). Social psychology (10th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.Chapter 2, “Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research”Chapter 11, “Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help?”“Social Psychology in Action 1: Using Social Psychology to Achieve a Sustainable and Happy Future” (pp. 440-45746)Resnik, D. (2015). What is ethics in research & why is it important? Retrieved from http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/Select and read one of the following articles for this week’s Assignment:Burnette, J. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2012). Buffering against weight gain following dieting setbacks: An implicit theory intervention. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(3), 721–725.Forest, A. L., & Wood, J. V. (2012). When social networking is not working: Individuals with low self-esteem recognize but do not reap the benefits of self-disclosure on Facebook. Psychological Science, 23(3), 295–302.Mischkowski, D., Kross, E., & Bushman, B. J. (2012). Flies on the wall are less aggressive: Self-distancing “in the heat of the moment” reduces aggressive thoughts, angry feelings and aggressive behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(5), 1187–1191. Nelson, S. K., Kushlev, K., English, T., Dunn, E. W., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2013). In defense of parenthood: Children are associated with more joy than misery. Psychological Science, 24(1), 3–10.Penner, L. A., Dovidio, J. F., West, T. V., Gaertner, S. L., Albrecht, T. L., Dailey, R. K., & Markova, T. (2010). Aversive racism and medical interactions with black patients: A field study. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(2), 436–440.Optional ResourcesDocument: Week 2 Study Guide (PDF)Marsh, A. A., Stoycos, S. A., Brethel‐Haurwitz, K. M., Robinson, P., VanMeter, J. W., & Cardinale, E. M. (2014). Neural and cognitive characteristics of extraordinary altruists. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(42), 15036–15041.Assignment: Social Psychology Research and Prosocial BehaviorAs a student of psychology, it is important to fully understand how research is conducted, as well as the numerous issues associated with sound research. Two important research topics are validity and ethics. When a research study lacks internal or external validity, the results may be misleading. When practitioners then apply the results of the study to a real world situation, the impact may be ineffective, may achieve different results than expected, or may even be harmful. Addressing validity in research is essential.Another important consideration in psychological research is ethics. Any research must be ethical in how it is conducted and how the results are used. A high level of ethics is especially critical when it comes to research involving human subjects, which is the case with most psychological research. Ethics in research involves honesty, objectivity, integrity, carefulness and competence, openness, respect for intellectual property, respect for privacy, confidentiality, responsible publication of findings, social responsibility, non-discrimination, legality, care of animals for those studies involving animals, and protection of the rights of human subjects.This Assignment asks you to analyze a social psychology research article for validity and ethics. The skills practiced can be applied to a critique of any scientific research study. Then, you will use theory to explain how prosocial behavior is relevant to the topic of your selected research article.To prepare:Review Chapter 2 in your course text, focusing on journal article analysis.While reading Chapter 11, reflect on how prosocial behavior can be used to address problems.Read the online article, “What Is Ethics in Research and Why Is It Important?” Focus on the expectations of ethics for the scientific community, how results are used in the real world, and related ethical issues.Choose one of the journal articles from this week’s Learning Resources to analyze (not Resnik’s online article about ethics).The Assignment (2–4 pages):Analyze the article you selected by responding to the following questions:Briefly, what were the research method, the purpose of the study, and the main finding(s)? As this is a brief statement of the main finding(s), do not provide details such as means or other statistics.What potential threats are there, if any, to the study’s external validity or generalizability? What about the study, if anything, enhances its external validity or generalizability?Do you have any concerns regarding whether the study was conducted ethically? Explain in terms of the information you learned in the assigned readings (e.g., informed consent).Recall this week’s Discussion Spark about various prosocial behaviors. What prosocial behavior or act could increase understanding of, or provide support to someone dealing with the issues presented in your selected journal article? The prosocial behavior could be something described in the journal article, explored in the Discussion Spark, or a prosocial behavior that has not previously been mentioned in the course.What theory or concept described in Chapter 11 explains the motive for this prosocial behavior?What personal quality of an individual or situational determinant would increase the likelihood of this prosocial behavior occurring?By Day 7rubric Rubric DetailSelect Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout.Name: PSYC_2005_Week_2_Assignment_RubricDescription: Demonstration of Knowledge. Did the student fully respond to each Assignment prompt? Do the responses demonstrate that the student applied and learned the information or skills? Is the answer accurate?Grid ViewList View ABCDFDescription of study design, purpose, and main findings.(20 points)20 (20%)Response is complete and accurate; contains sufficient details and/or explanation; includes supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.17 (17%)Response is complete and mostly accurate; contains some details and/or explanation; includes supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.15 (15%)Response is somewhat complete and/or is somewhat inaccurate; and/or does not contain sufficient details and/or explanation; includes some supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.13 (13%)Response is incomplete or is mostly inaccurate; lacks sufficient details and/or explanation; does not include supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.0 (0%)Response is incomplete; answers are inaccurate and/or not explained; no supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.Analysis of study’s external validity.(15 points)15 (15%)Response is complete and accurate; contains sufficient details and/or explanation; includes supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.12 (12%)Response is complete and mostly accurate; contains some details and/or explanation; includes supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.10.5 (10.5%)Response is somewhat complete and/or is somewhat inaccurate; and/or does not contain sufficient details and/or explanation; includes some supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.9 (9%)Response is incomplete or is mostly inaccurate; lacks sufficient details and/or explanation; does not include supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.0 (0%)Response is incomplete; answers are inaccurate and/or not explained; no supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.Analysis of ethics as it relates to the study.(20 points)20 (20%)Response is complete and accurate; contains sufficient details and/or explanation; includes supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.17 (17%)Response is complete and mostly accurate; contains some details and/or explanation; includes supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.15 (15%)Response is somewhat complete and/or is somewhat inaccurate; and/or does not contain sufficient details and/or explanation; includes some supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.13 (13%)Response is incomplete or is mostly inaccurate; lacks sufficient details and/or explanation; does not include supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.0 (0%)Response is incomplete; answers are inaccurate and/or not explained; no supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.Analysis of prosocial behavior (identification, motive, and contributing factors).(25 points)25 (25%)Response is complete and accurate; contains sufficient details and/or explanation; includes supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.21 (21%)Response is complete and mostly accurate; contains some details and/or explanation; includes supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.17.5 (17.5%)Response is somewhat complete and/or is somewhat inaccurate; and/or does not contain sufficient details and/or explanation; includes some supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.15 (15%)Response is incomplete or is mostly inaccurate; lacks sufficient details and/or explanation; does not include supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.0 (0%)Response is incomplete; answers are inaccurate and/or not explained; no supporting information from the Learning Resources when necessary.Quality of Writing(15 points)15 (15%)Writing is clear and organized with few or no errors in mechanics, usage, grammar, or spelling (MUGS). There is a preponderance of original writing (i.e., use of own words and proper paraphrasing).12 (12%)Writing is mostly clear and organized with few MUGS errors. Writing is original (i.e., use of own words and proper paraphrasing).10.5 (10.5%)Writing is somewhat clear and organized with some MUGS errors. Most writing is original (i.e., use of own words and proper paraphrasing).9 (9%)Writing is somewhat unclear and disorganized and/or contains many MUGS errors. There is an overuse of direct quotations and/or ineffective paraphrasing.0 (0%)Writing is unclear and/or disorganized and/or contains many MUGS errors. There is an underuse of original writing and an overuse of directly quoted content.Information documentation(5 points)5 (5%)Information from the Learning Resources is properly documented with citation(s) and reference(s).0 (0%)3.5 (3.5%)Information from the Learning Resources is partially documented with citation(s) and/or reference(s).0 (0%)0 (0%)Information from the Learning Resources is not cited or referenced in any way.Total Points: 100Name: PSYC_2005_Week_2_Assignment_RubricDescription: Demonstration of Knowledge. Did the student fully respond to each Assignment prompt? Do the responses demonstrate that the student applied and learned the information or skills? Is the answer accurate?