Why did John C. Calhoun believe that a state could nullify an act of Congress?

Identify, and provide the significance of, 5 of the 8 items listed below.1. Hickory Clubs2. Robert Hayne3. Specie Circular4. Independent Treasury Bill5. Wealth of Nations6. Charles River Bridge Case of 18377. “Log Cabin” Campaign8. Robert FultonPART 2Using examples from the readings and the lectures, answer 1 of the following questions as completely as possible.1. On November 19, 1832, the South Carolina legislature passed an Ordinance of Nullification that declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional and null and void in South Carolina. Define nullification. What events let to the passage of this ordinance? Why did John C. Calhoun believe that a state could nullify an act of Congress? Why did South Carolina’s attempt at nullification fail and what was the lesson learned from that failure? Finally, how was this situation resolved?2. Andrew Jackson would not allow South Carolina to defy federal authority, yet he encouraged Georgia to do so as that state tried to rid itself of its Native American population. Trace the events leading up to the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and explain how Jackson and those in Georgia justified their position. How did the Native Americans involve an attempt to challenge the act? Were they successful? Finally, what was the final result and why was it such a tragedy in a moral and constitutional sense?