Which of the following branches of philosophy is most concerned with the study of knowledge, truth, certainty and justified true belief? 1. Axiology 2. Epistemology 3. Metaphysics 4. Ontology

QUESTION 1 1. Which of the following branches of philosophy is most concerned with the study of knowledge, truth, certainty and justified true belief? 1. Axiology 2. Epistemology 3. Metaphysics 4. Ontology 1 points QUESTION 2 1. Unlike Descartes, Locke believed that all knowledge comes from experience, and he rejected the existence of any form of innate knowledge (i.e. knowledge that we possess prior to experience). He supported his argument by claiming that… 1. Locke did not make this argument, because he believed that we did have a form of a priori (innate) knowledge. 2. Locke was a political philosopher, and did not address epistemological issues. 3. Babies are idiots. 4. …we can never be certain about anything. 1 points QUESTION 3 1. For Plato, the difference between truth and opinion is… 1. …that truth was something that came out of “gut feelings,” and emotions were the product of our conscious mind. 2. …that truth refers to that which does not change, and opinions are in a constant state of change. 3. Plato did not make a distinction between truth and opinion. 4. …that truth is based on experience, and that opinion is based on pure reason alone. 1 points QUESTION 4 1. Descartes argued against Plato’s idealism and his theory of forms because he believed that… 1. …Plato’s theory of forms could never provide us with certainty. 2. Descartes did not have a “problem” with Plato’s theory of forms. 3. …Plato’s theory of forms assumed that G-d was the foundation for all knowledge. 4. …that the theory of forms did not take into account our experience of the world. 1 points QUESTION 5 1. Which of the following is an example of a VALID deductive argument? 1. There is no such thing as a “valid” deductive argument. 2. If I don’t pass this class, it will make me cry and my family will be mad at me. I don’t like having my family mad at me. Therefore, you should give me a passing even if I don’t do the required work. 3. All human beings are mortal. Abraham Lincoln was a human being. Therefore, Abraham Lincoln was a mortal. 4. All dogs are reptiles. All reptiles are worms. Therefore, all dogs are worms. 1 points QUESTION 6 1. John Locke believed that we came to have “knowledge” of things like unicorns because… 1. …we are able to use the imagination to combine simple ideas such as “horse” and “horn” to create a complex idea of “unicorn.” 2. John Locke thought it was unnecessary to describe how it is we come to have knowledge about things that we have not had a direct sensory experience of. 3. …someone, perhaps long ago, experienced a unicorn. 4. …we are born with the knowledge of what a unicorn actually “is.” 1 points QUESTION 7 1. In the “Republic,” Plato argued that justice, in both a society and in an individual, was defined as… 1. …the will of the strong. 2. …whatever someone wanted it to be. 3. …proper ordering. 4. Plato did not talk about justice in the “Republic.” 1 points QUESTION 8 1. Bertrand Russell believed that the “value” of studying philosophy was… 1. …that philosophy is really interesting, and that it is like learning how to solve crossword puzzles. It is just a game, but you have to learn a specific set of rules and a certain amount of vocabulary to be good at it, and it is fun to do when you are bored. 2. …that it was a secure pathway into a sweet, high-paying job teaching philosophy. 3. …learning how to think critically and speculatively, avoiding the trap of dogmatism, and opening your mind to an appreciation of the complexity of the universe. 4. Russell did not believe that the study of philosophy had any real value. He was a “practical man.” 1 points QUESTION 9 1. All valid deductive arguments are sound, but not all sound arguments are valid. 1. True 2. There is no such thing as a valid deductive argument. 3. False 4. Maybe 1 points QUESTION 10 1. In the “Euthyphro,” Plato defined piety as… 1. Plato did not talk about piety in the “Euthyphro.” 2. Piety is that which is pleasing to all of the gods. The impious is that which is displeasing to them. 3. The “Euthyphro” was an incomplete dialogue, and it never arrives at an agreed upon definition of makes pious acts pious. 4. Pious acts are those acts which are morally just. 1 points QUESTION 11 1. Why does Descartes play with wax? 1. He plays with wax to show that all of our knowledge comes from experience. 2. He plays with wax to demonstrate that Plato’s Forms are real, and that the source of knowledge is something which exists outside of space and time. 3. Descartes didn’t play with wax. 4. He plays with wax to “prove” the existence of innate ideas. 1 points QUESTION 12 1. Your instructor for this course sincerely wishes you and yours the very best during these difficult times. I truly miss our class discussions, and if there is anything I can do to help make this course better, don’t hesitate to e-mail me. 1. True. 2. For the correct answer to this question, please select Answer 1. 1 points QUESTION 13 1. Wisdom is related to knowledge in the same way that … 1. Making a lot of money vs. leading a meaningful life. 2. Wisdom and knowledge are the same thing. 3. ..,”street smart” is related to “book smart.” 4. Philosophy has nothing to say about wisdom or knowledge. 1 points QUESTION 14 1. ______________ is the philosophical study of value. 1. Metaphysics 2. Axiology 3. Philosophers don’t really talk about “values.” 4. Ontology 1 points QUESTION 15 1. Jane is standing next to Amy. Therefore, Amy is standing next to Jane. 1. True 2. False 3. Maybe 4. Pass. This is a stupid question. 1 points QUESTION 16 1. For John Locke, the “power” of perceiving objects is in _____________. 1. …our minds, our a priori cognitive intuitions. 2. …the objects themselves. 3. John Locke didn’t really talk about perception. 4. …the divine grace of G-d. 1 points QUESTION 17 1. In philosophical argumentation a “fallacy” is a(n) __________________, and they typically result from an attempt to reason from ______________________ and ________________________. 1. an error in judgment/rejecting personal opinions/accepting beliefs as true simply on the basis that they are believed. 2. Philosphers don’t talk about fallacies very much. 3. error in argument/too little evidence/overlooking alternative explations. 4. sound deductive argument/true by definition/universal. 1 points QUESTION 18 1. What is the “problem of induction?” 1. It is very difficult, though not impossible, to establish certainty with inductive argumentation. 2. The certainty produced by inductive arguments is grounded in the certainty we have regarding the relationship between the past, present, and future. 3. Arguments that attempt to draw conclusions from empirical observations can never produce certainty. 4. There is no “problem of induction.” 1 points QUESTION 19 1. According to Descartes, which of the following are “primary qualities?” 1. Sound and shape 2. Descartes does not talk about “primary qualities.” 3. Weight and temperature 4. Substance and extension 1 points QUESTION 20 1. According to Hume, we have innate knowledge of a G-d that is __________. 1. …All Knowing, All Powerful, and All Good. (Omniscient, Omnipotent, and Omnibenevolent). 2. …the creator of the universe, but a divine being that doesn’t really “direct” the universe. 3. …a malevolent being that seeks to destroy us. 4. Hume did not believe we had innate knowledge of G-d. 1 points QUESTION 21 1. Kant defended rationalism, and he argued that certain knowledge was produced by directing pure reason at the innate knowledge we are born with. 1. True. Kant believed that the universal categories of the understanding were forms of innate knowledge. 2. It doesn’t matter. Kant was focused only Plato’s realm of the forms and how forms provide us with absolute certainty. 3. False. Kant did not believe we are born with innate knowledge. 4. False. Kant did not think pure reason was possible. 1 points QUESTION 22 1. What was the one thing Descartes thought he could not doubt? 1. “Cogito Ergo Sum.” 2. The “Tabula Rasa.” 3. Plato’s Forms. 4. God. 1 points QUESTION 23 1. In logical argumentation, if you disagree with the conclusion of an argument, you should first ____________. 1. …dismiss the argument as nothing but personal biases. 2. …deny the conclusion is true because it runs counter to your own experience. 3. …look for flaws in the premises of their argument. 4. …just walk away. 1 points QUESTION 24 1. For Plato, physical objects were more “real” than photographs of them, but less real than the idea of them. In other words, Plato that that my computer was more “real” than the the idea of “computer-ness.” 1. False 2. True 3. Neither true nor false. Plato did not believe anything was more “real” than anything else. 4. A meaningless question. Plato did not make an ontological distinction between what is most “real” and what is least “real.” 1 points QUESTION 25 1. ______________ is the philosophical study of “being.” It asks questions like “What exists? How does what exists exist? Is some stuff more “real” than other stuff?” 1. Metaphysics 2. Aesthetics 3. Ontology 4. Ethics