What are main points of the following historical approaches and how were these approaches often a reaction to (often challenging) previous historical approaches?

What are main points of the following historical approaches and how were these approaches often a reaction to (often challenging) previous historical approaches? Make sure you discuss the key points of each approach, what it focused on, what it hoped it would explain in terms of History, and how it challenged previous approaches (which means you should look at these approaches in a chronological way). The approaches to discuss are: Empiricism, Materialism (Marxist, class-based, and Economic History), the Social Science approaches (History with Laws), the New Social and New Cultural Histories, Gender, and the “posts” (Postmodern, Poststructural, and Postcolonial).